The Key Vault service can store encryption keys in FIPS 140 validated hardware security modules (HSMs) under your control, also known as customer-managed keys (CMK). Azure services rely on FIPS 140 validated cryptographic modules in the underlying operating system, and provide you with many options for encrypting data in transit and at rest, including encryption key management using Azure Key Vault. However, if you're subject to ITAR, Azure, Azure Government, and Azure Government Secret can help you meet your ITAR compliance requirements.Įxcept for the Azure region in Hong Kong SAR, Azure datacenters aren't located in proscribed countries or in the Russian Federation. There is no ITAR compliance certification. End-to-end encryption implies the data is kept encrypted at all times between the originator and intended recipient, and the means of decryption aren't provided to any third party. Moreover, DDTC clarified that data in-transit via the Internet isn't deemed to be stored. Specifically, the revised ITAR rules state that activities that don't constitute exports, re-exports, re-transfers, or temporary imports include (among other activities) the sending, taking, or storing of technical data that is 1) unclassified, 2) secured using end-to-end encryption, 3) secured using FIPS 140 compliant cryptographic modules as prescribed in the regulations, 4) not intentionally sent to a person in or stored in a country proscribed in § 126.1 or the Russian Federation, and 5) not sent from a country proscribed in § 126.1 or the Russian Federation. These ITAR revisions introduced an end-to-end data encryption carve-out that incorporated many of the same terms that the US Department of Commerce adopted in 2016 for the EAR. If you're a manufacturer, exporter, and broker of defense articles, services, and related technologies as defined on the USML, you must be registered with DDTC, must understand and abide by ITAR, and must self-certify that you operate in accordance with ITAR.ĭDTC revised the ITAR rules effective 25 March 2020 to align them more closely with the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Items under ITAR protection are documented on the United States Munitions List (USML). This, in turn, could help deliver stronger economic performance for Europe along with all of the societal benefits linked directly to space activities.The US Department of State has export control authority over defense articles, services, and related technologies under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) managed by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC). Contributions from academic partners included technological simulation, radiation pre-testing, robustness-aware routing algorithms and the development of a special fault injection platform specifically designed for the FPGAs being tested.īy working to develop and prove Europe's own space-grade FPGAs, VEGAS has helped to empower the lucrative and highly beneficial European space sector to operate without import restrictions or external dependencies. This involved carrying out a number of tests under extreme temperature and ionising radiation conditions, in accordance with European Cooperation for Space Standardisation (ESCC) rules.Īmong the project partners were specialists in the design and development of FPGA silicon cores and highly reliable, integrated FPGA devices. The VEGAS team worked to qualify BRAVE prototypes at TRL 7, the required level for actual operations in the space environment. VEGAS was the continuation of a previous European project, BRAVE, which resulted in fully functional FPGA prototypes aimed at the space market. The VEGAS project’s specific objective was to validate the first European-made 65nm rad-hard SRAM FPGA, to directly compete with the US offering. Radiation hardening refers to the rendering of these components resistant to damage or malfunction caused by ionising radiation, such as that encountered in outer space. The EU-funded VEGAS project has responded to the challenge of achieving European independence while increasing competitiveness in the field of radiation-hardened, field-programmable gate arrays (rad-hard FPGAs).Īn FPGA is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacture, hence the term 'field-programmable'. Therefore, it would be highly advantageous for Europe to have its own domestic source for these technologies. Space-grade electronic devices are often subject to restrictive trade rules, such as the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).
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